May 16, 2023. 12 min read. Sintering is a broad family of methods that forms integral and potentially highly complex parts from a wide range of materials, by compressing and then fusing powders and binders. The part goes through two stages. The first stage makes the required shape a weak and poorly integrated, oversize component.

the machine. Sinter having size > 5 mm will go to the cooler and then it will go to BF. Sinter with size < 5 mm size fines will be re-cycled in the process. 4. Some of critical Equipments/ facilities in Sinter Plant are asunder: Sl. No. Major equipments 1. Conveyors, charging bins for Iron Ore Fines/ Coke Breeze/ Lime Dust/

The sintering process is an intricate system with a protracted process flow. The steps in the manufacturing line are primarily composed of the ingredients and mixing process, the sintering operation process, and the treatment of the sintered ore [39, 40].2.2 Important parameters and characteristics of sintering process. As shown in Fig. 2, all …

Sintering is a thermal process (1300–1400°C) by which a mixture of iron ore, return fines, recycled products of the iron and steel industry (mill scale, blast furnace dusts, etc.), slag-forming elements, …

The raw materials for an integrated steelworks can be classified into four categories, which are iron ores, fluxes, fuels, and reverts. The characteristics of these raw materials strongly affect the metallurgical properties of iron ore sinter and sinter plant performance. An optimal ore blend design is therefore essential to produce low cost ...

Prior to dispatch of sinter to the blast furnace for hot metal production, the sinter product from the sinter cooler is screened to remove smaller/finer particles. The undersize so generated is called internal return fines, which are generally recirculated into the sintering machine. A very high level of internal return fines generation limits the use …

The sinter machine productivity has been correlated with the quality of materials used in sintering and also with process parameters of sinter machine. In earlier works, attempts have been made to correlate sinter machine productivity with process parameters using mathematical models. ... grain boundary diffusion and recrystallization …

sintering, the welding together of small particles of metal by applying heat below the melting point. The process may be used in steel manufacturing—to form complex shapes, to produce alloys, or to work in metals with very high melting points. In a steel-sintering plant a bed of powdered iron ore, mixed with coke or anthracite, is ignited by ...

A mathematical model of the iron ore sintering process in a fixed sinter bed and optimisation of the process parameters using real valued genetic algorithm is described. The mathematical model is ...

A multi-objective optimization method is presented to maximize both sinter productivity and quality for the integrated iron ore sintering process [9], in which the prediction models for ...

Influences of factors on PM10/2.5 (particulate matters less than 10/2.5 µm in aerodynamic) emission in iron ore sintering process have been investigated using a lab-scale sinter pot.

Carbon monoxide is the major hazardous component in flue gas exhausting from the iron ore sintering. This study aims to reduce the CO emission by changing the sinter parameters by sintering pot tests; …

Sinter is the primary feed material for making iron in a blast furnace. Sinter is created by mixing iron ore concentrate with several additives such as limestone and silica to control the chemistry and then igniting it at 1200°C in a continuous belt-fed furnace. Sinter feed composition control is important because the various sinter feed ...

Ferrous Metallurgical Process Industry. Santanu Chakraborty, in Treatise on Process Metallurgy: Industrial Processes, 2014. 6.2.1 Sintering. The blast furnace burden for VSP was planned to include 80% sinter and 20% iron ore (10–25 mm). This was a huge step forward as at that time no blast furnace in India was operating with such high …

Sintering is a process by which a mixture of iron ores, fl uxes and coke is agglomerated in a sinter plant to manufacture a sinter product of a suitable composition, quality and granulometry to be ...

The sintering process, depicted in Figure 1, involves the application of heat to fine iron ore particles, transforming them into coarser grains [16]. Firstly, various raw materials, including iron ...

In the iron ore sintering process, it is desirable to maximize the productivity and quality of sinter while minimizing the fuel consumption for any given raw material (iron ore, flux and solid fuel) quality. However, given the complexity of the sintering process and the large number of manipulated variables, it is not practical for operators to identify …

A short description of the sintering process is also presented in Fernández--González et al. (2018). Figure 2.1 shows the main parts of an iron ore sintering plant (Dwight–Lloyd machine). Despite at first instance the agglomeration of ores has imposed as a process required in the iron extractive metallurgy, this process has changed with the

At the sintering machine around 50 kg of fossil fuel per ton of sinter product are consumed. Therefore, new technologies are welcome with the focus of neutralizing carbon emissions. The iron ore sinter process is an important operation unit in the integrated steel plant.

Due to the drastic change in iron ore qualities, maintaining consistency in sinter property has become a challenge for steel manufacturing industries, resulting the irregularities and disturbances in the blast furnace iron making. The present work aimed to develop a prediction model for physical, mechanical and high temperature properties of …

Nath and Mitra [15] analyzed a two-layer sintering process for sinter quality and fuel efficiency by using a genetic algorithm. Masoud [16] investigated the effects of kinetic parameters on combustion characteristics in a sintering bed. Cheng [17] evaluated sinter strength using process parameters under different conditions by sinter pot tests.

1. Introduction. The energy consumption in sintering process is about 10%–15% of the total energy consumed in iron and steel companies in China [1], [2], and nearly 50% of the energy consumption in sintering process is carried away by the flue-gas in sintering process and the waste gas in cooling process.Therefore, recovering the …

Sintering is a complex industrial process that applies heat to fine particles of iron ore and other materials to produce sinter, a solidified porous material used in blast furnaces.

can also be re-circulated for better thermal efficiency. A schematic overview of the sinter machine with recycling ga s concept is shown in Fig. 1 . In addition, in this machine concept, part of the process gas is reutilized in a pre …

DOI: 10.1016/J.POWTEC.2021.05.063 Corpus ID: 236245698; A forecast model of the sinter tumble strength in iron ore fines sintering process @article{Qiangjian2021AFM, title={A forecast model of the sinter tumble strength in iron ore fines sintering process}, author={Gao Qiangjian and Hui Wang and Xiangyang Pan and Jiang Xin and Zheng …

Request PDF | Particle classification of iron ore sinter green bed mixtures by 3D X-ray microcomputed tomography and machine learning | The iron ore sintering process needs to be optimised to ...

The Mosaic Embedding Iron Ore Sintering process (MEBIOS) was employed as a new major technology to cope with the possible future need for the use of fine ore in a great …

Iron Ore Sintering Process. Sintering burden mix on the grate of an agglomeration machine with air suction through the burden layer is the most common …

Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and solid …

Steel making using the integrated blast furnace (BF) process route is still the dominant steel production method covering 70% of worldwide steel production and iron ore sintering is one of the most important iron sources within this process, which represent 70–80% of charged iron-bearing materials into modern BF [].Inside this route, sinter …

Sintering is an agglomeration process used in the iron and steel making industry. In sinter machine, the fine iron ore particles are agglomerated to form porous coarse particles by combustion of fuel [1,2,3,4,5].After agglomeration process in sinter machine, the hot sinter is crushed by the rotating breaker and transferred to the chute …

Optimization of iron ore sintering process is to maximize the productivity and the sinter ore quality while minimizing the energy consumption. ... and then one new artificial neural network model—online sequential extreme learning machine (OS-ELM) was established to predict FeO content and tumble strength of sinter ores for each group ...

Sinter yield and strength were predicted by the method of numerical simulation in this study. An unsteady two-dimensional mathematical model for the iron ore sintering process was developed by taking most of the significant physical phenomena and chemical reactions into consideration. By employing FLUENT software and C language …

The sintering process is used to agglomerate a mix of iron ore fines, return fines, fluxes, and coke, with a particle size of less than 10 mm, so that the resulting sinter, with a screened size of 5 mm to 30 mm, can withstand pressure and temperature conditions in the blast furnace (BF). The process of sintering of iron ore fines was primarily ...

In sinter machine, the ne iron ore particles are agglomerated to form porous coarse particles by combustion of fuel [1–5]. After agglomeration process in sinter machine, the hot sinter is crushed by the rotating breaker and transferred to the chute for distributing over the moving annular cooler. The size and temperature of the crushed sinter ...

Volume 9, Issue 3, May–June 2020, Pages 6001-6013. Original Article. Analysis of a compact iron ore sintering process based on agglomerated biochar and gaseous fuels …

At the end of the Sinter Machine, the solidified sinter is discharged. The physical and chemical properties of the sinter are critical to the performance of the Blast Furnace. The cold strength of the sinter is measured as TI and hot strength as RDI. The Fe 2 O 3 in the iron ore is reduced to Fe 3 O 4 and then to FeO, with the help of heat ...

The use of sinter influences hot metal production substantially and significantly affects an integrated steel mill's total emissions. Sintering of iron ores is an enormous energy-intensive and resources consuming process. Introducing a selective waste gas recirculation (SWGR) to the sintering process reduces the energy …

In the sintering process, the feed solids (mixture of iron ore fines, fluxes, solid fuel and steel plant reverts) are subjected to granulation, on-strand sintering, cooling and sizing to form product sinter. The productivity of sinter (i.e., flow rate of product sinter per unit area of the sinter strand) and quality of sinter depend on a host of