The signal intensity was correlated with the percentage of disc protrusion reduction (p = 0.048). The percentage of disc protrusion reduction correlated with the last follow-up ODI (p = 0.018). Conclusion: One year after TELD, annulus remodeling was observed with an average of 67.7% of size reduction. The high signal intensity of residual mass ...

The high-intensity zone (HIZ) is the bright white signal in the posterior annulus on T2 weighted MR images and is thought to be a radial tear in the posterior annulus of the disc. Some studies have reported that the HIZ was a reliable marker of IDD, while others disagreed 8-13. However, many physicians make a hasty diagnosis of IDD …

High-intensity zones (HIZs) are one such lumbar phenotype and are characterized as high-intensity regions of the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc noted on T2-weighted MRI ... Schellhas KP, Pollei SR, Gundry CR, et al. Lumbar disc high-intensity zone: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and discography. Spine. …

High-intensity zones (HIZ) are linear or globular areas of high signal seen on T2-weighted (T2 W) images in the posterior annulus fibrosis, which are separate from and hyperintense to the nucleus. They represent complete …

Study Design. Experimental correlation study design to quantify features of disc health, including signal intensity and distinction between the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus, with T2 * magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and correlate with the functional mechanics in corresponding motion segments.. Objective.

Discogenic low back pain (LBP) is a symptom of internal disc disruption (IDD) [].This condition is characterized by disruption of the internal architecture of the disc, which can be demonstrated by computed tomography (CT)/discography [].In 1992, Aprill and Bogduk [] reported a diagnostic sign of painful lumbar disc, high- intensity zone (HIZ), …

For ({text {Ha}}>0), the fluid particles experience a magnetic drag effect which in turn reduces convection within the annulus. For the stronger magnetic field case, the resistive influence is higher on the velocity of fluid particles, and thus, the flow intensity is significantly decreased.

The annulus gap avoids the part of low magnetic induction intensity, consequently, A-EMDC avoids skin effect. 2) Two pairs of vortexes occur within the crystallizer with opposite directions in A-EMDC. The annulus gap is advantageous to increasing circulate flow, reducing the temperature gradient and shallowing liquid sump …

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine high-intensity zone (HIZ) characteristics on both T1- and T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance (MR) images, and to reveal their exact nature. Materials Seventy-three patients with low back pain and HIZs (identified on T2-weighted images) were included. Patients, aged 25-80 years (mean 51), …

The best stability of the oscillatory convection is obtained for strong magnetic field intensity, high radius ratio and at the inclination of 30° for annulus. 5. ... Multi-objective optimization of natural convection in a cylindrical annulus mold under magnetic field using particle swarm algorithm. Int Commun Heat Mass Tran, 60 (2015), ...

High-intensity zone (HIZ) was originally described as a high-intensity signal on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images, located in the posterior annulus fibrosus, clearly separated from the nucleus pulposus. Among symptomatic patients with low back pain, HIZ is present in 28-59% of cases. In mo …

Sheikholeslami et al., 21 investigated effects of a magnetic field on a natural convection flow of nano-fluid (cuwater) in an inclined half-annulus enclosure, by Finite Element Method. Moreover ...

Heat transfer enhancement using an external magnetic field with a high level of energy economy is a promising subject. The permanent magnets with no additional electrical power consumption are adopted to produce the applied magnetic fields. The effects of the magnet assembly and magnet strength on the thermomagnetic …

Study design: Experimental correlation study design to quantify features of disc health, including signal intensity and distinction between the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus, with T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and correlate with the functional mechanics in corresponding motion segments. Objective: Establish the …

We study the dynamics and pattern formation of a ferrofluid annulus enveloped by two nonmagnetic fluids in a Hele-Shaw cell, subjected to an in-plane crossed magnetic field configuration involving ...

Purpose The study aimed to observe cervical intervertebral discs (IVDs) in asymptomatic subjects and to explore the factors associated with cervical intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Methods Cervical spine MRI of 5843 subjects was retrospectively analyzed. On the sagittal T2-weighted MR images, the mean signal intensities of the …

a Sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) showing a high-intensity zone (arrow) within the posterior annulus at L4-L5. b Axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) shows a high …

The inner tube of the annulus is heated uniformly while the outer tube is insulated. Two-phase modeling is conducted by incorporating Brownian, thermophoretic, and magnetophoretic effects. The dependence of ferrofluid viscosity and thermal conductivity on the magnetic field intensity and temperature is considered.

Key points • High-intensity zones (HIZs) represent a hyperintense signal on T2-weighted MRI in the region of the annulus fibrosus and can be used to represent annular tears. • HIZs have variable biomechanics, epidemiology, and risk factors and are associated with or without low back pain. • HIZs were considered as a specific pain and….

Faraday's law states that the EMF induced by a change in magnetic flux depends on the change in flux Δ, time Δt, and number of turns of coils. Faraday's …

Inter-lamellar contrast and azimuthal intensity variation in the annulus were simulated using the 3D geometric model, demonstrating a qualitative similarity to MRI data from several discs. ... Hardy PA (1996) Intervertebral disks on MR images: variation in signal intensity with the disk-to-magnetic field orientation. Radiology 200(1):143–147.

However, with increasing the intensity of the magnetic field, the total entropy generation and Bejan number increase. Also, with increasing the length of the thermal source, the total entropy ...

intensity and magnetic field of a sunspot, and the solid line is a second-degree polynomial. that best fits the data: I ( B) =I0−b|B|+cB2,(1) where I (B) is the intensity as a function of ...

The significance of high intensity zone (HIZ) in posterior annulus as visualized in T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with chronic low back pain is being actively discussed and evolving in the literature. 1 – 6 The majority of the recent literature supports the significance of HIZ in patients with chronic low back pain ...

The high intensity zone (HIZ) was first described by Aprill and Bogduk on lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in 1992. Correlation with lumbar computed tomography (CT) discography showed that the HIZ represents a deep radial tear of the annulus fibrosus, which may be a cause of chronic low back pain.

For zero magnetic field strength, the core of the annulus is thermally stratified and this structure is significantly altered by the strong applied magnetic force. As the magnetic force is changed to the axial direction, a drastic change in the flow field is observed with the primary vertex that is elongated vertically as the intensity of ...

The magnetic field strength ranges from approximately 25 to 65 microteslas (0.25 to 0.65 G; by comparison, a strong refrigerator magnet has a field of about 100 G). The intensity of the field is greatest near the poles and weaker near the equator.

The prevalence, validity and reliability of high-intensity zones in the annulus fibrosus seen on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of patients with intractable low-back pain were determined. This sign was readily recognized by two independent observers. It occurred in 28% of 500 patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging for back pain.

High-intensity zones (HIZ) are linear or globular areas of high signal seen on T2-weighted (T2W) images in the posterior annulus fibrosis, which are separate from and hyperintense to the nucleus. They represent complete radial tears through the outer fibres of the annulus,1–3 although concentric and rim-type annular tears can give rise to similar …

The signal intensity of disks was graded on an ordinal scale, and overall degeneration, on the scale of Pfirrmann et al. Mean signal-intensity and degeneration grades were calculated for disks with and without annular tears, and differences were tested for statistical significance. ... et al. Magnetic resonance diskography in cadavers: …

Simple rTMS protocols have individual stimuli that are spaced by identical ISI (Fig. 2).In most low-frequency rTMS studies, the stimulation frequency is usually set at 1 Hz, with stimulation intensity and pulse number varying among studies.Low-frequency rTMS (1 Hz) is considered to have an inhibitory effect but at low intensities (less than MT), 1-Hz …

Pathology. High intensity zones in the posterior annulus represent the ingrowth of the vascularized granulation tissue into the tears in the posterior part of the painful disc induced by inflammation. The posterior annular fibers are structurally weaker compared to the anterior annular fibers, thereby predisposing them to disruption 1 .

magnetic field intensity vector. H. ... and outer walls along the annulus for different nanoparticles volume fractions in the presence of the negative gradient magnetic field. At the annulus inlet, due to the high velocity gradient, the friction coefficient has a maximum value. In the absence of the external magnetic field, the friction ...

Recently, the presence of a high-intensity zone (HIZ) within the posterior annulus seen on T2-weighted MRI has aroused great interest and even controversy …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine is commonly used to identify the source of low back pain (LBP); however, its use has been questionable. Throughout the years, numerous lumbar phenotypes (e.g., endplate abnormalities, Modic changes, black disc) have been studied as possible pain generators. High-intensity …

Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus (CCMA) is a rare variant of mitral annular calcification (MAC). ... (Ultrasound, Computed tomography, Cardiac Magnetic resonance) to assess this unusual cardiac mass. ... CCMA appears as a mass devoid of a central signal but with a ring of high intensity compared with the surrounding …

Magnetic flux is a measurement of the total magnetic field which passes through a given area. It is a useful tool for helping describe the effects of the magnetic force on …

High-intensity zone is an area of high-intensity signal within the posterior annulus fibrosus observed in magnetic resonance imaging; initially described in painful discs, recent studies have described similar prevalence in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Since its' prevalence in the general …

High intensity zones (HIZs), originally defined as a bright white signal in the posterior annulus fibrosus (AF) on T2 weighted (T2W) MRI are thought to be pathognomonic of a symptomatic IVD (Fig. 1). However, literature regarding HIZ and its predictive value as the cause of discogenic LBP remains controversial.

Introduction: A high intensity zone (HIZ) in intervertebral disc (IVD) of lumbar spine is a high intensity signal located in the annulus fibrosus of T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.