A range of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) participate in interaction with C3 and C4 plants (e.g., rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane and cotton), and significantly increase their vegetative growth and grain yield (Kennedy et al. 2004). Azotobacter species (Azotobacter vinelandii and Azotobacter chroococcum) are free …

Iron is the first identified essential plant element that plays an important role in the whole plant growth cycle, and it is involved in the process of life activities such as protein synthesis, DNA replication, and respiration in the plant (Takanori et al., 2018), as well as in the composition of chlorophyll and plays an important role in ...

Role of Iron in Plant Health Essential for Photosynthesis. As a critical micronutrient, iron is vital for the plant's production of chlorophyll, the green pigment responsible for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, fueling plant growth and development.

Plant growth-promoting bacteria can trigger both induced systemic resistance (ISR) and a partial iron deficiency response, indicating overlap in the …

Iron limitation severely affects plant growth and iron is often a component of agricultural fertilisers used to improve crop yields. Although iron is abundant in the …

Iron is necessary for the growth and development of plant because it plays a crucial role in the activity of enzymes, transcription of DNA, and synthesis of RNA, enhance the photosynthesis rate as it improves the photosystem and increase the activity of auxin [].]. Due to the cheap and low toxic effect of iron-based NPs fertilizers considered to be …

Iron (Fe) chlorosis is a major nutritional disorder in crops growing on calcareous soils, manifested as yellowing of the upper leaves, interveinal chlorosis, and stunted growth (Jeong and Connolly 2009).Fe deficiency affects the plant development and decreases the yield and quality of many sensitive crops, thereby causing important …

Metallic zinc is a crucial element for the overall growth and development of plants, playing a role in a number of physiological and enzymatic activities 26. Zinc influences the capacity for water ...

Iron plays a crucial role in biochemistry and is an essential micronutrient for plants and humans alike. Recent progress in the field has led to a better understanding of iron homeostasis in plants, and aided the production of high iron crops for improved human nutrition. ... Iron limitation severely affects plant growth and iron is often a ...

Missing or inadequate supplies of nutrients adversely affect plant growth, leading to stunted growth, slow growth, chlorosis, or cell death. About half the essential nutrients are micronutrients such as boron, chlorine, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, and sodium. ... Sulfur also plays a role in photosynthesis as …

Recently, siderophores production proved in different plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) as an important attribute in the plant growth and phytosanitary protection (Compant et al. 2005, Maheshwari 2011). Considering the important role that siderophores production can play in agronomic ecosystems, the iron content as a limiting nutrient for ...

Iron plays a significant role in various physiological and ... Effects of Iron on Plant Growth Iron is the third most limiting nutrient for plant growth and metabolism, primarily due to the low ...

In pdr9 mutants, plant growth decreases under iron deficiency and downregulates the expression of IRT1 and FRO2 . In the case of Strategy II plants, the phenolic efflux zero protein (PEZ1), located in the plasma membrane and involved in the efflux of protocatecholic acids (PCA) and caffeic iron chelators, is also induced by the …

b, Iron can aid the growth of harmful bacteria, and Cao et al. 1 shed light on how plants restrict iron uptake during bacterial infection. When flg22 binds to and activates FLS2, IMA1 is degraded ...

The remain-ing 13 essential elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, po-tassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, zinc, man-ganese, copper, boron, molybdenum, and chlorine) are supplied either from soil minerals and soil organic matter or by organic or inorganic fertilizers. For plants to utilize these nutrients efficiently, light, heat, and water must ...

Here, the present review emphasizes on the role of signalling molecules particularly phytohormones and nitric oxide and their interactive co-ordination in iron …

This review looks into recent progress made in putting forward the role of Fe in plant growth, development, and acclimation under major abiotic stresses i.e.salinity, drought, and heavy metals. Iron (Fe),a micronutrient,plays an important role in agriculture world wideand its smaller amount because a small amount is required for plant growth and …

Apply the manure: Spread a layer of well-aged manure evenly over the soil surface. Aim for a thickness of about 1 to 2 inches. Avoid direct contact with plant stems or trunks, as this can cause burning or rotting. Mix it in: Use a garden fork or tiller to gently incorporate the manure into the top few inches of soil.

Abstract. Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. Fe availability affects crops' productivity and the quality of their derived products and thus human nutrition. Fe is poorly available for plant use since it is mostly present in soils in the form of insoluble oxides/hydroxides, especially at neutral to alkaline …

The plant shows deficiency symptoms, such as stunted plant growth, necrosis, bronzing, formation of rosettes or clusters, inhibition of internode, and reduction in size of root and leaf (Moreira et al. 2018). At a low dose, Zn plays an important role in enhancing the plant growth and yield (Prasad et al. 2012). It is an important transition ...

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. Fe availability affects crops' productivity and the quality of their derived products and thus human nutrition. Fe is poorly available for …

Plant Growth Regulation. Article. Iron transport and homeostasis in plants: current updates and applications for improving human nutrition values and sustainable agriculture. Review. Published: …

Iron is an essential element for plant growth and development, as major biochemical processes are highly dependent on the biological availability of iron in plants (Wu and Li, 2022). Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) are common metal NMs, which can improve the agronomic properties of crops and affect plant development ( Cao et al., 2022 ).

Plant hormones such as auxin, abscisic acid and ethylene, as well as reactive oxygen intermediates play an important role in the transduction pathways, allowing plants to respond to these iron-deficiency and excess stresses. Similarities and differences among the various mechanisms responsible for iron uptake plants and yeast are outlined.

Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) are vital micronutrients for plants and their deficiency causes severe impairments in physiological and biochemical responses of plants. In response to stress emerging due to their deficiency, plants evolve different strategies to regulate the homeostasis network to ensure optimum Fe and Zn uptake. Fe and Zn …

Iron participates in various crucial metabolic processes as an essential cofactor of many enzymes, which are vital to the survival of plants and their pathogens. However, excessive iron is toxic to the cells of plants and pathogens. Iron plays a complex role in the interactions between plants and pathogens. Plants and pathogens have …

This Special Issue focuses on the following aspects: (i) rhizosphere processes driving Fe availability, including mineral weathering and Fe mobilization from soil solid phases; (ii) …

Abstract. Manganese (Mn) is an important micronutrient for plant growth and development and sustains metabolic roles within different plant cell compartments. The metal is an essential cofactor for the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of the photosynthetic machinery, catalyzing the water-splitting reaction in photosystem II (PSII).

Nutrients are the essential elemental components of soil required for plant growth and architecture. Deficiency of these elements creates certain identifiable symptoms. Commonly, these elements are found in soil in the form of their respective salts. ... 3.5 Iron. Iron plays an important role as enzyme component, which is involved in …

Iron cycling is a key biogeochemical process in rice paddies that plays important roles in the growth and quality of rice crops. Fe(II) oxidation leads to the production of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides (ferrihydrite, goethite, and lepidocrocite), which are strong sorbents of organic carbon, phosphate, and metal(oid)s such as As and Cd (1 – 5); Fe(III) reduction …

Mary Lou Guerinot. How do plants strike a balance between regulating iron uptake to promote their own growth and nourish their associated non-harmful microbes …

Plant Growth Regulation - Agriculture and plant science face a formidable challenge in feeding the world's expanding population in a sustainable, sufficient, and nutrient-rich manner. ... FRO7 plays a role in chloroplast iron acquisition, as shown by the fact that fro7 mutant chloroplasts have 33% less iron and 75% less ferric chelate ...

Introduction. Plant growth and development are largely determined by nutrient availability; therefore to ensure better productivity of crop plants, it becomes essential to understand the dynamics of nutrients uptake, transport, assimilation, and their biological interactions (Wawrzyńska and Sirko, 2014).A wealth of information has been …

1. Introduction. Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for almost all living organisms since it is found in cofactors ensuring the activity and/or the stability of …

Iron (Fe) is necessary for plant growth and development. Iron deficiency disrupts major metabolic and cellular activities such as respiration, DNA synthesis, and chlorophyll synthesis. Iron also activates various metabolic pathways and is vital to numerous enzymes. Iron is widely distributed in soil, but plants do not readily absorb it.