This article provides an overview of the roadmap, opportunities, and challenges of two promising process route alternatives for the green steel transformation of blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) plants. Since these integrated steel plants are characterised by CO 2 emissions nearly three times higher than mini mills—mainly …

Vale's investors and clients will construct and operate the plants that will produce hot-briquetted iron (HBI) or any other steel product. ... of the required high-grade concentrates will remain the main bottleneck for the expansion of the direct-reduced iron-EAF route of primary steel production, and that improving technologies will make it ...

Steelmaking based on direct reduced iron (DRI, and its compacted derivative hot briquetted iron, HBI) is an anticipated important global alternative to current steel production based on FeOx reduction in blast furnaces due to its lower specific CO2 emission. The majority of DRI is melted and refined in the electric arc furnace with …

AbstractCopper slag is produced in large amounts in seven copper smelter plants in Chile, and it is estimated that around four million tons of slag are disposed every year, and another 40–45 million tons are historically cumulated. Copper slag contains iron in the range of 42–45%, which can be recovered and recycled along with the contained ...

The new Smelter technology from Primetals Technologies is a furnace powered by electrical energy. It is used for melting and final reduction of direct reduced …

direct reduced iron (DRI) and hot briquetted iron (HBI) in both integrated and electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking. HBI and DRI use natural gas as a reductant and reduce CO 2 emissions vs. pig iron. Steel producers in the U.S. have announced specific projects that employ renewable energy to supply all or most of a facility's energy ...

Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) is the product of the direct reduction of iron ore in the solid state by carbon monoxide and hydrogen derived from natural gas or coal. See more information about the production of DRI . Most gas-based direct reduction plants are part of integrated steel mini-mills, located adjacent to the electric arc furnace (EAF ...

Steel plant (1) for producing liquid steel, comprises a smelting unit for smelting metal-containing solids, preferably scrap iron, direct reduced iron or hot briquetted iron, and a solar power plant (3) for supplying electrical energy to the smelting unit. An independent claim is also included for producing the liquid steel from the scrap iron, direct reduced …

Hot Briquetted Iron (HBI) is a premium form of DRI(Direct Reduced Iron) that has been compacted at a temperature greater than 650° C at time of compaction and has a density greater than 5,000 kilograms per cubic meter (5,000 kg/m3). The product is made from direct reduction iron ore pellets and offers predictable and homogenous metallurgical …

4.4 Direct Reduction. Direct reduced iron is iron ore in the form of lumps, fines or pellets that have had the oxygen removed by using hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Typical sources of carbon monoxide are natural gas, coal gas, and coal. Other energy inputs into the production process often include oil and electricity.

This natural-gas-based plant produces hot-briquetted iron (HBI), an environmentally friendly alternative to imported pig iron used in the steelmaking process. Our Commitment to Innovation. State-of-the-art by …

and the smelting reduction processes (which eliminate the need for coking and iron ore sinter plants) are covered in the following three chapters. The hot metal product from BFs and smelting reduction processes, and DRI contain unwanted elements. These are removed in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) or electric arc furnace (EAF), producing …

For 24/7 operation on hot briquetted iron, producing one tonne of liquid steel requires approximately 1504 kg of iron ore pellets [2]. The operating temperature of the shaft furnace is 800 °C, and the metallization achieved in the shaft furnace is assumed to be 94% (i.e., from Fe 2 O 3 to Fe, where Wustite (FeO) formation …

Hot Briquetted Iron (HBI) is a compacted form of DRI that is manufactured with well-defined, consistent chemical and physical characteristics. HBI is manufactured to be …

The plant comprises of three production units with production capacity of the two units I and II ( 1,100,000 ) tonnes per annum of sponge iron (DRI) and started the commercial operation of the two units on 3/28/1990. The third unit with a production capacity of ( 650,000 tons) per year of hot briquetted iron (HBI), The unit has entered the ...

RHI Magnesita, a global leader in refractory innovations, has helped pioneer a new solution called the Smelter, an electric furnace designed to melt and reduce direct reduced iron (DRI). The immediate …

Research, know-how, and expertise have led to the development of new technological solutions to meet the needs of the DRI / EAF process, meant to assume a strategic role in "green" steel production. The patented technologies developed by Magaldi to handle either DRI or briquetted iron in the charging and cooling processes have proven to be ...

The paper discusses the use of a secondary smelting technology for reinforcing steel (rebar) production at Baku Steel Company, LLC, noting the feasibility of adding metallized pellets to the furnace charge consisting of scrap metal and other manufacturing waste products. The addition of such pellets enhances the process of …

It consists of transforming the DRI particles into briquettes (HBI) with different dimensions and volumes (from 60 to 200 cm3). The DRI particles are directly briquetted at the exit of the reduction process by means of a hot briquetting press. This process takes place at high temperature, approx. 750°C, with a very high briquetting pressure up ...

HBI stands for hot briquetted iron – porous sponge iron, pressed into briquettes. HBI is created by reducing the iron ore with natural gas. HBI can be used as a pre-material in blast furnaces or electric arc furnaces. In blast furnaces, HBI replaces coke and iron ore, while in electric arc furnaces it replaces scrap metal.

The outputted sponge iron can be fed directly to the EAF (hot-DRI at 850°C), stored on site (cold-DRI) for later re-heating and EAF charging, or modified into a more stable product as hot ...

Three types of iron input materials for both processes are liquid hot metal or in solidified form as pig iron, direct reduced iron (DRI) and hot briquetted iron (HBI) as well as steel scrap. Hot metal, pig iron, DRI and HBI are iron materials, which have to be produced from iron ore by the so-called ironmaking technologies.

With the iron-ore based route, hot metal is mostly produced from iron oxide ores in blast furnaces, and more rarely in smelting reduction plants, and is processed to make crude steel in oxygen converters. Sponge …

Vale's investors and clients will construct and operate the plants that will produce hot-briquetted iron (HBI) or any other steel product. Similarly, investors and …

Whilst electric steelmaking furnaces can be readily decarbonised through renewable power, the most promising options to decarbonise ironmaking are: (i) green …

Rio Tinto will also purchase and on-sell a part of the surplus low carbon hot briquetted iron (HBI) produced by H2 Green Steel during the ramp-up of its steelmaking capacity. IOC's direct reduction pellets will account for a significant part of the iron ore supply to H2 Green Steel's flagship plant in Boden, Sweden, which will be one of the ...

increased use of direct reduction, producing direct reduced iron (DRI), and especially, hot-briquetted iron (HBI) Low-Carbon Innovations. As the steel industry moves toward carbon neutrality in response to increasing pressures to decarbonize, the application of DRI and HBI will see … See more