Generally, river sand is used as fine aggregate. Due to the increase in the utilization of concrete in construction sector, the need for river sand has been increased enormously. Hence, the abundant sea sand can be used as an alternative of river sand partially.The sea sand samples before (samples A and C) and after mineral extraction were ...

Sea sand is a widely available form of sand on comparing with the river sand. Sea sand is not used widely because it may contain chloride, sea shells in large numbers and other harmful chemicals like Fe 2 O 3, V 2 O 5, Cr 2 O 3, Ga 2 O 3, Br 2 O and Re 2 O 7.The usage of sea- sand may either address the concrete's existing …

The mix proportions of marine mortars prepared in this work were listed in Table 5.The fine aggregate in the mix design of marine mortar was changed from sea sand to coral sand at replacement ratios of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 vol% by volume fraction, and the marine mortar samples were denoted by SS, CS20, CS40, CS60, CS80, and …

The lack of river sand has led to the use of sea-sand and crushed stone fines in many countries, with the use of sea-sand in the UK being an example [4]. More than 90% of the world's dredged sea-sand has been used as a raw material in the construction industry, with over 45% of the dredged sea-sand being used as fine …

The challenging issue of demand for sand in concrete can be addressed by exploring alternative materials. Mechanism sand [12], aeolian sand [13], waste foundry sand [14], construction demolition waste [15], industrial by-products (such as coal ash, aged clay tailings, copper tailings) [16], [17], [18], and sea sand [19] are among the materials …

In Europe, key aggregate sources are crushed rock from quarries (46%), terrestrial deposits and rivers (38%), recycled aggregate (12%), and manufactured sand (2%), whereas only 2% comes from the marine environment. 114 In LMICs, however, sand, gravel, and crushed-stone mining is commonly an informal economic activity …

The Gomes name has been associated with the construction industry since 1936. First as A Gomes Transport then, in 1969 as Gomes Transport (Pty) Ltd and subsequently as Gomes Sand cc from 1995. The business operates a modern fleet of tipper trucks, servicing the north-western areas of Johannesburg, west of Centurion, south-west of Pretoria and ...

Sea sand was partially replaced in river sand (0% to ) for each proportion of Fine Aggregates (FA) cement concrete blocks were cast and tested for compressive strength at 7, 14 and 28 days of ...

Sea sand contains chloride ions beyond the acceptable limit causes sever durability issues. Therefore, much attention is required when offshore sand is used in construction. The chloride content in the concrete is limited to 0.4% by mass of cement generally. BS 5328 Part 1 1997 specify this limit and BS 882 1992 have bit higher values …

The Sea Sand was partially replaced with the River Sand (10% SS and 90% RS) mortar blocks were cast and similarly for desert sand (10% DS and 90% RS). For each proportion of Fine Aggregates (FA) cement mortar blocks were cast and tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, 28 and 56 days of curing.

The effects of river sand mining can also be seen at the coast where the lack of sand replenishment can cause beaches and dunes to erode faster and therewith offer less protection against storm surges, tsunamis and sea level rise ( Shaghude et al., 2012 ). 5. Effects on the biological environment.

Beaches and coastal dunes have always supplied sand for a wide range of uses. Coastal and river sand has been extracted at an accelerated pace, and on a much grander scale. A litany of environmental, social, and economic damages. Globally, most sand mining is done in opposition to local opinion and laws. Sand mining also has …

2.1. Regulatory Framework for the Investigations. The production of concrete, the design and construction of concrete parts, the determination of properties and application rules in construction are regulated in the standard TCVN 7570:2006 "Aggregates for concrete and mortar—Specifications" [].The main requirements for …

In this research, the mechanical and durability properties of concrete with coral sand as a fine aggregate in partial replacement of river sand (30%, 40% and 50% by sand mass) is studied. The physical, chemical and …

The main components of the specimens were cement, seawater, sea sand, bamboo sticks, and gravel. The use of sea sand and seawater was explained by the abundant existence of resources and lower ...

Sand mining concessions in national parks and internationally recognized wetlands were killing mangroves and sea grasses that were home to Irrawaddy dolphins, green turtles, and hairy-nosed otters, one of the world's rarest mammals. Sand and gravel are mined on a huge scale around the world. But few global data are collected on this …

The concrete mix M4 (50% USS + 50%QD) is the optimum mix for complete replacement of river sand with both sea sand and quarry dust as fine aggregate. b) The 28-day compressive strength is maximum for the M6 mix ( QD) is 40.8 ± 1.15 MPa and lowest is for M2 mix ( USS) is 29.7 ± 0.90 MPa among all excluding control mix.

This paper presents a review of the research on seawater sea-sand recycled coarse aggregate concrete (SSRAC), which offers a solution to the scarcity of river sand and freshwater while also promoting the reuse of waste concrete. ... river sand; M and H: sea-sand with shell content of 2.31% and 21.73% by mass, respectively; R0 and R100: r …

General guidelines for Mining gravel and sand from river in Malaysia. Following steps are taken as per guidelines: 1. Initially location of sand and gravel deposition or aggradation is identified. Mine operator is permitted to extract material where problem of aggradation is least.

Limitations have been laid on the large scale mining of river sand from river beds. In this context there are cases of illegal mixing of sea sand with river sand. ... Fine Aggregate, sea sand, Compressive strength -----***----- 1. INTRODUCTION The boom in the construction sector is a direct result of economic growth. This rapid growth leads to ...

Sea sand catches the fancy of most people for its advantages of large resource reserves and wide distribution. The physical properties of sea sand are similar to river sand, but their gradations are slightly different. In addition, seawater contains more impurities than fresh water [5]. Some researchers have made comparative studies …

DOI: https://doi/10.24297/jac.v13i4.5661. Keywords: Fine aggregate, sea sand, minerals, concrete strength. Abstract. Sand researches around the world are in …

Urbanization processes in Asia are still ongoing; thus, aggregate demand is expected to increase in following years. Even though construction and demolition waste is a source for secondary building materials in industrialized countries, it is not yet an alternative construction material source in Vietnam as the urbanization process is still ongoing. …

Sea sand particles are more rounded than river sand particles, resulting in a relatively weaker mechanical interlocking between sea sand particles. Along with the failure of concrete mortar and mortar-coarse aggregate interfaces, sea sand exhibits a reduced capacity to sustain frictional deformation at the failure surface [36], [37], [38] .

Legal changes, recycled building material, crushed rock and 'ore-sand' from mining, among solutions. Geneva, 26 April 2022 – 50 billion tons: enough to build a wall 27 metres wide and 27 metres high around planet Earth. This is the volume of sand and gravel used each year, making it the second most used resource worldwide after water.

Research on sea sand as an aggregate in concrete is an important study in present scenario. The major challenging factor for its usage is the presence of chloride level, inorganic content, shell content, aggregate shape and size of sea sand. ... On average, to the ban imposed on river sand mining. The tsunami people 'use' over 200kg of sand …

Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the substitution material options to river sand in concrete production in Vietnam using lab tests of concrete specimens …

the UK industry, 'sand' refers to (noncohesive) min-. erals with a mean grain size lying between 0.63 and. 5 mm, and 'gravel' is reserved for coarser material; in. Belgium, the industry ...

1. What is River Sand? 2. Properties of River Sand. 1. Particle Size Distribution. 2. Uniformity and Shape. 3. Moisture Content. 4. Permeability. 3. Uses of …

In China, the high demand for aggregates and growing mining restrictions increased river sand prices by up to 600%, prompting extensive illegal mining in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, where more than 580 illegal sand and stone piers were detected in 2017. 65. State 4. Intensification of mining activity

River-sand mining has risen dramatically in the last few decades to fulfil the need for concrete in the building sector. The sand in a river's bed preserves its environmental equilibrium (Farahani and Bayazidi, 2017).Excessive river-sand mining for use as fine aggregate in concrete is responsible for riverbed degradation, which causes …

The results showed that the use of sea sand as a substitute for fine aggregate showed an average compressive strength in 7 days of 18.86 MPa, an average compressive strength of 14 days of 25.52 MPa, an average compressive strength of 28 days of 29.00 MPa. Then for the average compressive strength value of the use of river sand in 7 d...