Unfortunately they're very old germanium transistors, but I was able to find a replacement on e-bay. Well fast-forward a few months later, and another transistor …

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These transistors were meant to replace the vaccum tubes found in World War Two era Radar. The military wanted smaller, lighter and more powerful radar to bomb Germany. ... We demonstrated the first silicon germanium transistor, which operates at frequencies up to 500 GHz. Our invention refers to so-called band transistors and includes a ...

Getting the frequencies right is also an imperative step in selecting to replace transistors. The new one should be either close or of a higher frequency limit than the original. However, avoid one with a very high frequency to avoid the possible risk of oscillation. A transistor will dissipate heat during operation.

1. Introduction. The motivation to replace strained silicon (Si) with higher mobility channel materials in today's metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) is well documented [1,2].Saturation drive current (I on), a critical performance metric for FET devices, is intimately linked with carrier mobility.While this link has …

Chee-Wee Liu and colleagues at the National Taiwan University now report germanium-based eight-stack nanosheet and seven-stack nanowire gate-all-around transistors. The devices are fabricated ...

Material of Transistor: Ge Polarity: PNP Maximum Collector Power Dissipation (Pc): 0.083 W Maximum Collector-Base Voltage |Vcb|: 15 V Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage |Vce|: 12 V Maximum Emitter-Base Voltage |Veb|: 12 V Maximum Collector Current |Ic max|: 0.01 A Max. Operating Junction Temperature (Tj): 80 °C Transition Frequency (ft): 8 MHz

bendix germanium transistor replacement? HP6823A "audio" amplifier *fixed, trace. « on: July 06, 2021, 03:14:42 am ». I fried an audio amplifier doing …

A transistor has three leads: source, gate and drain. To explain its operation, we will use a simple paradigm. Think of a pipe that connects a source of water …

The advent of the point-contact transistor is one of the most significant technological achievements in human history with a profound impact on human civilization during the past 75 years. Although the first transistor was made of germanium it was soon replaced by silicon, a material with lower intrinsic carrier mobilities but with a …

As to your question, looking at fig 3, 4 and 5 on page 5 of the article, I think you could replace the PNP germanium transistors directly with a small silicon PNP …

But adding germanium to the channel—even initially mixed in with silicon—is a solution that will allow chipmakers to keep improving transistors in the near term. Germanium, the primordial ...

You cannot replace a Germanium transistor with a silicon transistor… without significantly redesigning the circuit. Germanium transistors come in PNP and …

Transistors based on germanium can be operated at low supply voltages and reduced power consumption, due to the low band gap compared to silicon. Additionally, the realized germanium based ...

ALSO BY THE SAME AUTHOR BP108 International Diode Equivalents Guide BP140 Digital IC Equivalents and Pin Connections BP141 Linear IC Equivalents and Pin Connections. INTERNATIONAL TRANSISTOR EQUIVALENTS GUIDE. by. ADRIAN MICHAELS BERNARD BABANI (publishing) LTD THE GRAMPIANS. SHEPHERDS BUSH ROAD.

2N1304 is a TO-39 package NPN germanium alloy junction transistor from 2N130x series. It was made to use in old computers and also for switching purposes. The article below contains information about 2N1304 transistor pinout, features, applications, equivalents and other details. ... Replacement and Equivalent: NTE101, 2N1302, …

The first germanium transistors that I encountered as a kid were the glass-encapsulated OCxx types - OC44, OC45, OC71, OC81D, OC81, etc. The latter types listed were often further encapulated in an aluminium …

121-350 Germanium Transistor. The 121-350 is a PNP germanium transistor used in the AM oscillator circuit. This is a small-signal high frequency transistor. You can usually swap it with a 121-352 from the IF stage and it works fine. Transistor 121-48 (VFK2744J) can replace transistor 121-350 for the AM oscillator.

Overview. The Chandler Limited Germanium Preamp / DI is a single channel mic preamplifier and direct interface using discrete circuitry with germanium transistors, emulating the sound of early transistor equipment which is known for its colorful sound. A "THICK" switch on the front panel provides a bass boost and extra harmonics.

1,393. Location. Bochum, Germany. Activity points. 297,751. I guess, a silicon transistor could be used as well for your application. By the way, 2N222 is PNP (as all germanium transistors), not NPN. From the data I read, OC75 would be a better replacement than OC72. B.

I suspect I will increase the supply to around 8 volts and replace the 3.3 ohm current source resistor with a 4.7 ohm. ... better check what other size cases are available lol Can't even use germanium for the switching transistor ... 12:26 pm #16 12:26 pm #16 The switching device in the above PSU is now an IFR630 Fet. …

Transistor Faults, Testing and Replacement. It is a common belief that valves are unreliable and that transistors last forever. In fact valves are nowhere near as unreliable as people think (repairers would often claim a valve had failed and charge for it to cover the cost of the time spent finding and replacing a couple of faulty capacitors ...

The use of germanium promises to eliminate some of the traps which cause generation-recombination noise in silicon field-effect transistors (FET's) at low temperatures. Typically, the transconductance (g{sub m}) in the germanium FET's is 10 mA/V and the gate leakage can be less than 10⁻¹² A.

Distributor Cross Reference Search From this one search tool you can now find replacements for over 470,000 industry devices. Enter the part number you wish to replace and click the search button or press the ENTER key on your keyboard. You may use the * character as a wildcard, but you must supply at least two other characters.

Under Shockley's direction, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain demonstrated in 1947 the first semiconductor amplifier: the point-contact transistor, with two metal points in contact with a sliver of germanium. In 1948, Shockley invented the more robust junction transistor, built in 1951. The three shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for ...

Now researchers at Ohio State University (OSU) are bringing germanium back to electronics in a way that they believe could displace silicon. To achieve its new role the researchers have ...

If you ever had a vintage gear where you needed to get it to work but needed a replacement for Germanium transistors especially in audio circuits and you …

New Germanium-Based Material Could Replace Silicon for Electronics. A half-century after it was supplanted by silicon, germanium may push silicon—and …

Figure I. A schematic of strained Si NMOS transistor with HfO2fTiN metal-gate stack 0-7803-8618-3/04/$20.00 02004 IEEE 194 Authorized licensed use limited to: Penn State University. Downloaded on November 14, 2009 at …

Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32, that's used as a semiconductor in transistors and diodes, popping up in a few classic effects like the early period Arbiter Fuzz Face, the storied Dallas Rangemaster and the Maestro Fuzz-Tone. "Subjectively the sound of Germanium offers a smoother, more-ear pleasing ...

Super Member. Oct 15, 2020. #1. I'm trying to restore a small transistor amp built inside a guitar. I need 4 transistors for the job. Two are SB175 and two are SB77. I'm pretty sure they're Germanium from the 60's. The only data sheets I've found so far are in Japanese and I'm struggling to find a modern replacement.

This model of transistor is best known for it's use inside Kundo's line of electromagnetic pendulum clocks, which make use of the transistor in the pendulum drive circuit. The TF65 is a common point of failure in these clocks, requiring replacement with a more readily available germanium part number, the AC125 being the most common …

Thanks to Moore's Law, the transistor has delivered computers far beyond anything thought possible in the 1950s. Despite germanium's starring role in the transistor's early history, it was soon supplanted by silicon. But now, remarkably, the material is poised for a comeback. The world's leading-edge chipmakers are …

The 121-352 is a PNP germanium transistor used in the intermediate frequency (IF) stages. This is a small-signal high frequency transistor. You can usually swap the three from the IF with the three for the AM section and the radio still works. AF116 also works in stage one and stage three of the IF circuits.

We first examine a silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) for cryogenic pre-amplification of a single electron transistor (SET). The SET current modulates the base current of the HBT directly. The HBT-SET circuit is immersed in liquid helium, and its frequency response from low frequency to several MHz is measured.