Rock samples from about 280 podiform chromite deposits in California and Oregon were analyzed for Pt, Pd, Rh, and Ir by fire assay-atomic absorption and spectrographic techniques to estimate by-product platinum-group element potential of chromite mining. These deposits include ophiolites from the Sierra Nevada, Klamath Mountains, Coast …

This chapter describes the production of concentrates containing the platinum-group metals (PGMs). South Africa is the largest primary producer of PGMs followed by Russia. South African ores typically contain 3–4 g/tonne of PGM ore, which becomes 100–200 g/tonne after flotation. There are two main types of ores namely; feldspathic ...

platinum group, six metals, in order of increasing atomic weight, ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), and platinum (Pt). The elements all possess a silvery white colour—except osmium, …

The platinum-group minerals (PGM) are a diverse group of minerals that concentrate the platinum-group elements (PGE; Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, and Pd). At the time of writing, the International Mineralogical Association database includes 135 named discrete PGM phases. ... (A, C, E, G, J and K) chromitites. Whole-rock abundances of the PGE range from ...

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The list of PGMs is: Iridium (Ir) Osmium (Os) Palladium (Pd) Platinum (Pt) Rhodium (Rh) Ruthenium (Ru) Alternate Names: The …

The platinum-group elements, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium, possess unique physical and chemical characteristics that make them indispensable to modern technology and industry. However, mineral deposits that are the main sources of these elements occur only in three countries in the world, raising …

We report whole-rock major, trace, and platinum-group element (PGE) geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the Teutonic Bore complex that hosts the Jaguar and Bentley Cu–Zn volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. This study aims to understand their sulfide saturation history and chalcophile element evolution during …

The platinum-group elements (PGEs)—platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium—are metals that have similar physical and chemical properties and tend to occur together in nature. ... Acid rock drainage from reef-type and contact-type deposits is unlikely because the ores and their host rocks contain low …

In addition to gold bearing sands, deposits of platinum are often found in outcroppings of plutonic rocks like olivine and chromite. The formation of these rocks …

Platinum-group elements (PGE) are critical commodities. They are essential for the U.S. economy; however the U.S. imports about 90 percent of the platinum-group elements that we need to use. The project objective is to assess the Duluth Complex and related mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift System in the Lake …

Rare earth and platinum group metals are often found clustered together in the earth's crust. Mining for platinum, for instance, also yields Rhodium and Ruthenium belonging to the same group. ... The rock is usually formed deep in the crust when a large body of liquid rock cools. But the feldspars crystallise first, giving the large colourful ...

The year 2023 was not a good time to be a platinum group metals (PGM) miner. Amplats, Implats and Sibanye-Stillwater shed between 64% and 36% in value as prices for palladium and rhodium cratered. After a hopeful ripple in the palladium price during the first two weeks of January — likely driven by traders covering short positions …

The platinum-group elements (PGEs)—platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium—are metals that have similar physical and chemical …

The shapes of plutonic–volcanic igneous host rock include batholiths, lopoliths, laccoliths, stocks, sills, dikes, and lava flows. The relationship with country rock is conformable and/or unconformable. Major primary platinum group of metals, nickel, and chromium deposits occur mostly in greenstone belt and mafic to ultramafic host rock.

The platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold have been determined in twenty international rock reference materials by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after pre-concentration by ...

This paper discusses whole-rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry, and platinum group element (PGE) systematics of depleted mantle rocks (harzburgite and dunite) from the northern part of Nagaland ...

Platinum-group element concentrates are made into a matte that is relatively low in iron and sulfur, and enriched in platinum-group elements by smelting and converting. Smelting removes most gangue minerals as molten slag. Converting removes most iron and sulfur by oxidation with air and oxygen. In combination, these two steps upgrade the feed ...

The present work reviews assemblages of detrital platinum-group minerals (PGM) in placers worldwide with the aim of identifying common and distinctive features …

While whole-rock peridotite Re-Os isotopic signatures are the core of such investigations, the Re-Os dating of individual peridotite minerals—base metal sulfides (BMS) and platinum group minerals (PGM)—that are the main hosts for Re and Os in the mantle peridotites came into play two decades ago.

On assay of 500 g of the crushed rock, taken in several samples, platinum was found to be present to an amount of 0.0107 per cent, or about 3 oz to the ton." ... [Re-assembled from Fig. 7.22. in SV 23: Platinum-Group elements: Mineralogy, Geology, Recovery. L.J. Cabri, Editor. Reprinted with permission of the Canadian Institute of …

The catalytic properties of the six platinum group metals (PGM)– iridium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, and ruthenium – are outstanding. Platinum's wear and tarnish resistance characteristics are well suited for making fine jewelry. Other distinctive properties include resistance to chemical attack, excellent high-temperature ...

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Bulk rock concentrations of platinum group elements (PGEs) were analyzed by the Ni-sulfide fire assay–isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method of Park et al. (2012), and Re and Os isotope ratios were measured by isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) using a …

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The Platinum Group Elements (PGE: Osmium, Iridium, Ruthenium, Rhodium, Platinum, and Palladium), also known as platinum group metals and platinoids, are transition metals located in the d-block of the Periodic Table of Elements (Groups VIII, IX, and X, Periods 5 and 6).The atomic radii of the Os, Ir, and Pt subgroup, caused by …

The H202 Test for Platinum. Gather the following items: Hydrogen Peroxide (2-3% H₂O₂ from a pharmacy works fine) A glass, jar, or any other liquid container (preferably glass or ceramic) Your piece of possible platinum. You should use proper PPE when doing any chemical reaction, but considering most of us have scrubbed open cuts …

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The whole-rock major, trace and platinum group element, and zircon trace element geochemistry of the porphyry Cu ore-bearing and barren post-collisional igneous rocks from the central and southeastern UDMA in Iran were investigated. Both mafic ore-bearing and barren rocks have Mg# values and MgO, Cr, and Ni contents higher than …

The major deposits of platinum-group elements (PGE) of the Earth are associated with ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks. The bulk of current PGE production …

Platinum represents one of the rarest metals on Earth. Seldom occurring on its own, it exists with other metals in the Platinum Group Elements (PGEs): rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, osmium and iridium, and occasionally alongside gold and diamonds. Platinum can be found in alluvial placer deposits in flakes or in small grains.

The platinum-group metals (PGMs) are iridium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, and ruthenium. In general, PGMs exhibit high density, high electrical conductivity, high melting points, and low reactivity. Platinum is commercially the most important of the PGMs. Platinum occurs in dark silicate rocks with minerals that contain iron and ...

The platinum group element deposits are subdivided within a genetic framework; the three principal deposit types are formed by (1) Orthomagmatic, (2) Alluvial or (3) Hydrothermal processes. The Orthomagmatic class can be further subdivided into three sub-classes: deposits that formed as a result of (a) magma mixing, (b) contamination of …

The Platinum Group Elements (PGE: Osmium, Iridium, Ruthenium, Rhodium, Platinum, and Palladium), also known as platinum group metals and platinoids, are …

Whole-rock ICP-MS analyses of platinum-group elements (PGE) indicate a mantle origin of the primary Cu-sulfides (bornite-chalcopyrite assemblages). In situ trace element analyses of sulfide assemblages also show evidence of external material input, most likely of crustal origin, during magma and sulfide liquid ascent, before decoupling of …

The platinum group metals (PGMs) are among the rarest mineral commodities in Earth's crust. They include iridium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhodium and ruthenium. The PGMs occur together in nature, closely associated with nickel and copper, primarily in two major types of ore deposits. One deposit type is in distinct …

The whole-rock platinum-group element distribution was studied by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and the platinum-group minerals were investigated by reflected-light microscopy ...

Platinum and Pd are locally enriched in drill-hole intercepts, but zones appear unrelated to rock type, magnetic properties, or to S, Cu, Ni, Cr, or Au values. Local platinum group element (PGE) enrichment in altered rocks implies metamorphic and/or hydrothermal redistribution.