The process of selective reduction of iron in ilmenite and the simultaneous formation of Fe–C alloy melting at low temperatures, was investigated. The reduced sample was characterised at each stage using SEM. The influence of temperature, time and additives …

Hussein et al. [21] studied the hydrochloric acid leaching of a pre-reduced ilmenite under the following conditions: 3.24 M HCl concentration, leaching temperature of 90°C, leaching time of 3 h and a solid/liquid ratio corresponding to 7% of solids; they achieved 95% of iron extraction, which is comparable to 97% iron extraction of the …

1. Introduction. With the depletion of natural rutile, ilmenite ore (FeTiO 3) becomes the most important resource for the production of titanium metal (Ti) and Ti-based compounds [1, 2].In the industry, the ilmenite is usually reduced to form metallic iron and titanium slag [[3], [4], [5]], in which Ti is enriched for the subsequent intensified sulfating …

The reduction of ilmenite proceeded through stages during which iron oxides were first reduced to form metallic iron and then to form iron carbides, whereas titanium oxides were reduced to form Ti n O 2n-1 during the initial stages with the possible formation of lower oxides at the later stages. The core of the particle (the original …

The iron oxides which were initially contained in ilmenite, pseudorutile, pseudobrookite, and hematite had been reduced to metallic iron. At 15% Na 2 CO 3 addition, part of the metallic iron was in the form of fine prills which were entrained in the slag ( Figure 11 ) and was detected by the XRD ( Figure 10 ).

The ilmenite phase followed the stepwise reduction where iron oxides is first reduced into iron while titanium oxide reduced into Ti n O 2n−1 with suboxides formation in later steps. It has been indicated that the carbothermal reduction of ilmenite using graphite under inert argon gas, the reductions are incomplete because of the …

Ilmenite is the primary feedstock for the manufacturing of titanium goods, however it needs to be refined before the usage. Becher is an eco-friendly process for refining ilmenite by rusting metallic iron from reduced ilmenite to separate iron and TiO 2, and NH 4 Cl is the commonly utilized solvent in this method. In the current study, the …

Materials. The raw ilmenite concentrate used in this study was obtained from the Panzhihua Iron and Steel Group, China. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns of the ilmenite concentrate are examined using a Rigaku D/max 2500 PC and the result is depicted in Fig. 1 and indicates that the main phases are ilmenite (FeTiO 3), …

Characterization of the reduced ilmenite. After reduction in a rotary kiln, large portion of ferrous iron and ferric iron was reduced to metallic iron, giving an analysis of 29.46 wt.% MFe and 6.67 wt.% FeO in the reduced sample (as shown in Table 1). The XRD patterns of the reduced ilmenite are shown in Fig. 2.

The reduced ilmenite, obtained from the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate in a rotary kiln at about 1100 C, contained 62.88% TiO 2 and 28.93% Metallic iron. The particle size was about 200 m and the size distribution was uniform. The e ects of NH4Cl and HCl concentrations, stirring speed, and aeration leaching time on the extent of ...

In this work, acetic and citric acids were used along with ammonium chloride in the removal of iron from reduced Hatinh ilmenite. Iron removal was carried out at 70ºC, 4 liter/min of air flow ...

The reduced ilmenite, obtained from the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate in a rotary kiln at about 1100 C, contained 62.88% TiO2 and 28.93% Metallic iron. The particle size was about 200 m and the size distribution was uniform.

Abstract. Aeration leaching was used to obtain synthetic rutile from a reduced ilmenite. The reduced ilmenite, obtained from …

In the oxidized conditions, ilmenite could be in the form of Fe 2 TiO 5; while in the reduced conditions, iron was found in the form of FeTiO 3 and reduced iron oxides. Some studies observed the surface layers of ilmenite OCs in solid-fueled CLC units, where the Fe migration was believed to drive solely by the different diffusivities of oxygen ...

Briefly, ilmenite was digested in sulfuric acid of varying concentration (20%, 50%, and 80%) at three temperatures (50, 70 and 110 °C) for 90 min. Fe 3+ ions were partially reduced to Fe 2+ by adding iron powder and the resulting solution was cooled to 10 °C to remove the iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate crystals. pH of the remaining solution ...

The oxidation of metallic iron in the reduced ilmenite can be significantly shortened from nearly 20 h to about 5 h with the addition of AQ-2, 6 into the NH 4 Cl aqueous solution (as shown in Fig. 7). However, the effect of combined hydrochloric acid and AQ-2, 6 does little for further improving of the rusting rate. Thus, AQ-2, 6 alone is …

In a recent process (Becher et al., 1965), the iron oxide of ilmenite is reduced to the metallic state using coal, which is then catalytically converted to solid iron oxide, which can be easily separated. The product obtained is synthetic rutile containing …

Ilmenite reduced very quickly to iron and an M 3 O 5 phase at these temperatures. This oxide phase containing both iron and titanium became progressively richer in titanium with time, until pure Ti 3 O 5 was formed. At 1790 K, ilmenite reduced to M 2 O 3 before the oxy carbide phase was formed. Manganese present in the ore …

DRI production. Direct reduction of iron is the removal of oxygen from iron ore or other iron bearing materials in the solid state, i.e. without melting, as in the blast furnace. The reducing agents are carbon monoxide and hydrogen, coming from reformed natural gas, syngas or coal. Iron ore is used mostly in pellet and/or lumpy form.

and reduce ilmenite when the reaction temperature exceeds 1100 K. Validation experi-ments indicate that Ti 3O 5 can be used to reduce ilmenite to iron and rutile. Furthermore, by

The reduced ilmenite compositions were ilmenite 100 kg, pseudobrookite 635.94 kg, and iron 200.12 kg. The amount of carbon used in both cases was calculated to produce the largest TiO 2 content without forming pseudobrookite, that is, …

With an increase in the Na 2 B 4 O 7 content, the metallization ratio of reduced ilmenite concentrates first increased and then decreased slightly. Huang et al. investigated the reduction of iron during enhancement reduction of ilmenite concentrate with ferrosilicon. It was found that the metallization ratio of iron significantly increased …

Materials. Table I shows the chemical composition of the ultra-high-titanium vanadium–titanium magnetite concentrate (<75 μm) used in the experiment. The data clearly reflect the mine's low-iron, high-vanadium, and ultra-high titanium characteristics. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the raw ore in Figure 1 shows that the phases of …

Smelting is used to upgrade ilmenite (FeO.TiO2) to high-titania slags which serve as feedstocks for TiO2 pigment manufacture. During smelting, partial reduction of FeO to liquid iron, and of TiO2 ...

Therefore, pure ilmenite was synthesized by grinding Fe 2 O 3 and TiO 2 powders for 10 h, and then followed by sintering at 1200 °C for 10 h. After that the sintered product was reduced to ilmenite in the CO/CO 2 mixed atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) with a cobalt Kα source was used to identify the phase composition of synthetic …

The reduced ilmenite, obtained from the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate in a rotary kiln at about 1100 °C, contained 62.88% TiO2 and 28.93% Metallic iron. The particle size...

Ilmenite is an important mineral resource containing Fe and Ti, and titanium concentrate can be obtained after beneficiation. Through the preparation of titanium concentrate oxidized pellets, gas-based shaft furnace reduction experiments, and melting and separation experiments, the phase changes during the roasting process of titanium …

The bright phases at the surface of the reduced ilmenite grain are metallic iron. Figure 7a shows the micro-morphology of an ilmenite grain reduced using graphite. It is clear that the external layer appears to be a reduced ilmenite phase, and the internal layer is unreduced ilmenite. In addition, metallic iron is not present in the reduced grain.

For the 1000 °C sample all peaks can be explained by the presence of ilmenite, and the reduction products iron and rutile, indicating the sample is partially reduced. Meanwhile the 1100 °C sample produced XRD peaks that indicate the presence of ferropseudobrookite (FeTi 2 O 5), along with the iron, rutile, and ilmenite. The 1050 °C …

reduced ilmenite, such as calcium and magnesium, only the metallic iron was oxidized during the reduced ilmenite cor - rosion process. The metallic iron grains in reduced ilmenite are the anode of galvanic cell, and the outer surface of the reduced ilmenite …

This shows that ilmenite minerals are reduced at high IJSET@2014 Page 707 International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology (ISSN : 2277-1581) Volume No.3 Issue No.6, pp : 707-711 1 June 2014 The extraction of the iron from the Ilmenite has been, and still is about one kg of the sample-mixture packed in plastic bags for an ...

Separation of iron and titanium by reduction-corrosion method from ilmenite had the advantages of less pollution, simple process, and low cost compared with other methods. To identify the determinants for corrosion reaction of reduced ilmenite, the …