GILs, including free metal particles [6–8] and particles on insulator surfaces [9–12]. Free metal particles have been studied widely, including particles with lengths in the order of millimetres to centimetres. However, the metal particles on the insulator surface used in the experiments conducted on real insulators are usually

The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and the amount of fluoride released from four experimental denture base resins containing 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt% surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler added to the powder were evaluated. The mean flexural strength of the experimental resins, except t …

PTL's Surface Area department can measure from 0.01 m2/g to > 1000 m2/g depending on the adsorbate gas utilized and instrument manufacturer. The BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) theory is commonly used to …

Modes of surface premelting in colloidal crystals composed of attractive particles. Bo Li, Feng Wang, Di Zhou, Yi Peng, Ran Ni & Yilong Han. Nature 531, …

In this paper, the efficacy of a two-stage approach of using limestone powder (LP) pre-coated crumb rubber and silica fume (SF) to enhance the performance of rubberized cement mortar was investigated. LP pre-coated crumb rubber at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% volume substitution of fine aggregate, and SF at 10% volume cement …

Surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) fillers are new bioactive molecules used in dental clinic work to fill tooth defects. These fillers release various types of ions (Al +3, BO −3, Na +, SiO 3 −2, Sr +2 and F −) and exhibit high biocompatibility, antibacterial capability, reduced plaque accumulation, and enhanced osteoblast differentiation.We previously …

Particularly, NdFeB-particles were pre-magnetized before fabrication to enhance the property. Three MRE samples doping NdFeB-particles with different particle sizes and magnetic properties were prepared. The surface magnetic field intensity of samples were recorded by teslameter and the microstructures were observed by SEM …

Surface pre-treatment of aluminum alloys for the deposition of composite materials - ScienceDirect. Materials Science and Engineering: B. Volume 263, January …

Different surface pre-treatments have been also applied to titanium alloys before welding in order to avoid surface oxidation and to improve laser absorption. Thus, in ... These darker particles are also present at grain boundaries located inside the FZ of T4 and T5 samples. FZ of T6 samples (Type 3) is clearly different from the others; small ...

The induction time of lignite particles pre-wetted by 0 min and 5 min was both 300 ms when attachment probability was . It indicated that the surface properties of lignite such as porosity, PFSD, roughness and surface element composition cannot be changed when the pre-wetting time is within 5 min.

However, the adhesiveness, uniformity and thickness of coating depend on surface pre-treatment of ceramic particles, activation process and bath operating parameters [26]. The development of an adequate adhesion between the coating and particle is a great challenge owing to inactivity and presence of impurities on particle …

Nanosilica particles with controllable surface areas and pore volumes have been obtained from rice husk using a novel two-staged thermal method via pre-pyrolysis combined with calcination. Nanosilica particles of different levels of purity and textural properties were produced under CO 2 and N 2 pyrolysis atmosphere within the …

According to the suggestions of Gan et al. [22] and Zhao et al. [23], the contact angle between mercury and pore surface was set as 130 • and the mercury surface tension …

The possible reason is that the quantity and particle size of the filler affected the surface hardness. Nevertheless, our tests based on the ISO standard confirmed that the tissue conditioner containing S-PRG had clinically acceptable mechanical properties. The surface roughness of a material is strongly correlated with microbial adhesion [45,46].

Surface pre-coating of talc particles by carboxyl methyl cellulose adsorption: Study of adsorption and consequences on surface properties and settling …

This technology forms a stable glass-ionomer phase in fillers by pre-reacting acid-reactive glass containing fluoride with polyacrylic acid in the presence of water, and produced two types of fillers: full pre-reacted glass-ionomer (F-PRG) fillers, for which the entire glass-ionomer filler particle is reacted, and surface pre-reacted glass ...

B 4 C particles were surface pre-metallized after ball milling with Ni or Al particles. The soft metallic particles were severely deformed and coated on the surface of B 4 C, forming the core-shell microstructure. (2) Copper matrix self-lubricating composites with addition of pre-metallized B 4 C particles

In contrast to most particle-based free-surface detection methods, which perform the surface identification based on physical and geometrical properties derived from the underlying fluid flow ...

Herein, an artificial surface prereconstruction (ASR) for Li 1.2 Mn 0.6 Ni 0.2 O 2 particles with a molten-molybdate leaching is conducted, which creates a crystal-dense anion-redox-free LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 shell that completely encloses the LXMO lattice …

Surface-induced premelting and barrierless melt nucleation for nanoparticles down to 1 nm radius is studied, and the importance of …

Fig. 2 (a) shows a SEM micrograph of the AA6014 alkaline treated specimen. The surface contains several round-shaped particles of 500 nm or less in diameter.FE-AES spectra were acquired inside and outside of these particles and the results are presented in Fig. 2 (b). The areas in which the FE-AES spectra were acquired are …

In order to develop a rapid nitriding process for titanium alloy at a low temperature, fine particle peening (FPP) was performed prior to gas blow induction heating (GBIH) nitriding. The surface microstructures of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy treated by FPP and GBIH nitriding were characterized using X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron …

(i) Under the operation condition or PD test condition, the discharges of 5 mm metal particles on the surface of UHV insulators are relatively weak, and the apparent charge is generally smaller than 1 pC. The flashover induced by 5 mm particles on the insulator surface will occur at 1.3 pu, while that induced by 8 mm particles will occur at …

In the case of metal or semiconductor particles, strong covalent bonds are broken at the surface. For example, a gold atom in bulk face-centered cubic Au has 12 nearest neighbors, but a gold atom on the (111) surface of the crystal (the most dense crystal plane of gold) has six nearest neighbors in-plane and three underneath, for a total of 9.

(i) Under the operation condition or PD test condition, the discharges of 5 mm metal particles on the surface of UHV insulators are relatively weak, and the apparent charge is generally smaller than 1 pC. The flashover induced by 5 mm particles on the insulator surface will occur at 1.3 pu, while that induced by 8 mm particles will occur at …

Generally, the surface properties of powder particles strongly influence the sintering behavior of the resulting compacts. This paper describes the surface modification of pre-sintered BaTiO 3 particles (5–10 μm in size) by leaching under different hydrothermal conditions (leaching medium, time and temperature). These …

Generally, the surface properties of powder particles strongly influence the sintering behavior of the resulting compacts. This paper describes the surface modification of pre-sintered BaTiO 3 particles (5–10 μm in size) by leaching under different hydrothermal conditions (leaching medium, time and temperature). These modifications …

In this study, a two-pronged approach was employed to assess the inner surface durability of vials and pre-filled syringes. Non-siliconized syringes were used in order to directly compare glass to glass performance between vials and syringes. ... These particles were mainly composed of aluminum, phosphorus, and oxygen, but not silicon, ...

Previous studies have presented the surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) filler as a bio-functional additive with ion release and recharge abilities to exert bioactive effects. ... The particle sizes of the resin powder ranged from 20 μm to 80 μm, and the mean particle size was approximately 50 μm (Figure 1 C). Open in a separate window ...

The effect of SP was analyzed for the same steel grade but considering two pre-existing martensite α′-phase contents: less than 3% for the annealed (A) ... and …

The impact of particle aging is shown in Fig. 7. For SC1 megasonic processing (70W), there is a significant PRE reduction at 24 hours (85% PRE) and then after several days (< 75% at 5 days). The ...

Article 29 March 2023. Introduction. Surface premelting of ice influences a multitude of phenomena on Earth, such as the genesis …

With the increase in the voltage and capacitance of gas-insulated transmission lines (GILs), the insulation failure of GIL has attracted more and more attention. Further understanding of the partial discharge (PD) and flashover characteristics of metal particles on the insulator surface, as well as the flashover mechanism, is …

The standard approach for Si surface cleaning prior to epitaxial growth processes is a high temperature, usually greater than 1050. o. ... 0.12µm (> 1,000). The high pre-epitaxial particle counts also caused high post-epitaxial defects (>30,000). The particulate defects are normally considered as nucleation sites of epitaxial

In L-HBsAg pre-S1, which is myristoylated, and pre-S2 are largely cytoplasmic, based on proteolytic sensitivity and the absence of pre-S2 glycosylation. This places the pre-S domains where they can interact with newly matured HBV cores. Conversely, in Dane particles the pre-S1 and pre-S2 domains are accessible to external …

In Fig. 3, the particle cores correspond to the same range of r from zero to r c, i.e., ... The surface pre-melting is the most known type of the continuous melting which is much less studied for NPs in comparison with surfaces of bulk materials. In our MD experiments, we have observed the surface pre-melting in Au and Au NPs which differ …

The copper particles grow on the surface with some spike-like structures. This growth mechanism confirms that the activation in particles without pre-treated was confined to a particular region rather than the entire surface. The average particle size of copper deposition was approximately 500 nm. The nitric acid pre-treated boron carbide …

Herein, an artificial surface prereconstruction (ASR) for Li 1.2 Mn 0.6 Ni 0.2 O 2 particles with a molten-molybdate leaching is conducted, which creates a crystal-dense anion-redox-free LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 shell that completely encloses the LXMO lattice (ASR-LXMO). Differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy and soft X-ray absorption ...